The Petrol Market Prices Memorandum of Transmittal - 1925 Words

The Petrol Market Prices: Memorandum of Transmittal (Term Paper Sample) Content: MEMORANDUM OF TRANSMITALTo:From:Date:Subject:In reference to the request for examination of the trend of the petrol market, kindly find attached the report for the retail petrol prices in New Zealand. The report was requested by the New Zealand Automobile Association. The aim of the report is to provide reliable findings to secure competitive petrol prices that would ensure the operation of a cohesive market. Further, this research reports reviews on the factors that affect the petroleum prices. The project involved examination of the retail prices in different petrol stations for a period of two weeks, and a comparison of the same to the international crude oil prices. Similarly, as requested, the report has also touched on the impact of the larger economies. Other examples have also been highlighted in the report. Therefore, I have obtained the following key findings out of the research process:The structure of the cooperate ownership petrol retailers in New Zealand .Setting of petrol price putting into consideration taxation all taxation factors, refining costs, crude oil prices, fluctuation in exchange rate, and excise. Affordability of petrol price with repect to values of wage in NZ.Presence of presence of findings in the studies petrol markets inNew Zealand.Presence of uncompetitive pricing the petrol market in New Zealand.Analysis of how AA taken steps to lobby for affordable and cheap prices of petrol among members. This should have measures for interventioning to promote AA.Kindly let me know if there is any question as regards this research report. An acknowledgement goes to all those personalities who assisted with the research and its compilation. The Trend of Retail Petrol Prices in New ZeelandA report prepared by (.) for the New Zealand Automobile AssociationPrepared by:Reviewed by:Tutor:Paper:Date: AbstractThis report evaluates the structure and trend of the retail petrol prices in New Zealand. The report is based on an analysis o f the recorded data on the retail petrol prices collected from various petrol stations for a period of two weeks. The demand for petrol is disadvantaged by the improved technology; the vehicles are more energy efficient. The report finds out that the demand for petrol and petroleum products grows at an average rate of 4% yearly, hence the price trend. The main refineries are also the main wholesalers who also run the greatest portion of retail chains in the country. These include the Shell, BP, Mobil, and Caltex and they contain a stake of 14.3% at a time. The government should enact competition laws to monitor and control the petrol prices to be free of exploitation. Such initiatives would help to deal with the 4% annual price increment. Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc429841526"
Abstract  PAGEREF _Toc429841526 \h
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1. Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc429841527 \h
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1.1 Background Information  PAGEREF _Toc429841528 \h
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2. Findings  PAGEREF _Toc429841529 \h
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2.1 Uses of Petrol  PAGEREF _Toc429841530 \h
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2.2 Structure of Corporate Petrol Retailers in New Zealand  PAGEREF _Toc429841531 \h
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2.3 The Demand and Supply Conditions  PAGEREF _Toc429841532 \h
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2.4 The Market Structure  PAGEREF _Toc429841533 \h
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3. Discussion  PAGEREF _Toc429841534 \h
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3.1 Steps For The Automible Assoociation  PAGEREF _Toc429841535 \h
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3.2 Factors for the Determination of the Petroleum Price  PAGEREF _Toc429841536 \h
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5. Recommendations  PAGEREF _Toc429841538 \h
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References  PAGEREF _Toc429841539 \h
8 Introduction1.1 Background InformationThe automotvive industry has a pure motivation to manufacture, assemble and trade their automobiles. It is their concern to know about the other factors that affect the demand for the automobiles. The prices of petrol is therefore of vital concern to the industry. The New Zealand Automobiles Associations have realized reduced earnings and demand for the automobiles in the two successive years (Alom, Ritson, 2012). Hence, they commissioned the development of this report to point on how the structure of the retail petrol prices as a factor in the demand for the automobiles, hence the purpose of the report. The scope of the research involved examination and analysis of the records about petrol prices from a number of retail petrol stations. The data collected was for a period of two weeks. Further, the retail prices in the nation were compared to the international oil prices to ascertain instances of exaggerated prices in New Zeeland. Basically the collected data were secondary data from the petrol stations prices records. The research report is however limited of the fact that the records made by the petrol stations may have not been genuine records and hence there was need for more time to collect first hand data. On the other hand, the report only considers the prices that are listed by the retail stations but ignores the perception of the owners of the automotive about the prices of the automotives. Further, the thesis statement of this research involves, making efforts to secure the com petitive petrol prices will ensure the operation of a cohesive market.Findings2.1 Uses of PetrolThe petroleum refers to a complex mixture of the organic liquids known as the crude oil and the natural gas (Boshier, 2013). Individuals mostly tend to believe that the petroleum is mostly used for powering the internal combustion engines. However, petroleum is consumed for the vast array of application, although other forms of transport and automobiles consume the highest quantity of the petroleum. In thickest form, the bitumen, is used in the paving of a road and is similarly excellent water repellant. It is further used in roofing of the houses. Consequently, the greatest portion of the plastics and the synthetics is composed of petroleum. Similarly, petroleum is used in the composition of foodstuffs such as the beers as well as in the medications such as the asprins (Harvey, White, 2012). In totality, the world contains a limited quantity of petroleum as researchers prospect that in the near decades the petroleum products will be depleted by the mankind. Again, it is evident that the humankind faces a greater problem as concerns the reduction in the supply of the petroleum products. However, more significant strides have been made as concerns the use of cheap and renewable fuel options as a substitute. 2.2 Structure of Corporate Ownership of Petrol Retailers in New ZealandThe fuel industry in New Zealand is majorly a factor of imported fuel. The fuels are imported from the refiners such as the Asia, Australia, Korea and the Singapore. The production at the Marsden Point is supplemented by the four primary oil companies that deal with the imports of the oil and diesel. Further, the petroleum is distributed through the various channels, even though there are three main vectors (Schiff, Becken, 2011). It is done through the pipeline to the storage point at Wiri, through the storage tankers at the New Zealand ports and further by road tankers. Consequently, the su pply of the New Zealand petroleum as well as the distribution of the finished products is managed by the New Zealand coastal tanker fleet. Further, some of the companies that deal in petroleum trade include the BP, Shell Caltex as well as the Mobil. 2.3 The Market StructureThe expected market influence on the behavior of the constituent firms as well as guaranteeing the impact of both on the industry performance (Kelly, 2015). Further, the factors that caused the oligopolistic interdependence between the wholesalers included the few buyers, non-complex and homogeneous products, frequent buyer- seller transaction, and inelastic demand. Further, a history of cooperation amid the firms also contributed to the cause. Consequently, the market conduct suggests that the oligopolistic interdependence amid the wholesalers will be stronger (Ranchhod, 2013). That is, the decision that is made by a single firm with respect to the price, as well as other strategic variables, must factor in the r eaction of the available rivals. Discussion3.1 Steps For The Automible AssoociationThere is an influential support contributed by the Automobiles Association in New Zealand. It believes that the buses are affordable as compared to the train. It again indicates that the nation should prioritize the public transport expenditure (Lemon, Miller, 2013). The plans, as well as the visions that were tested against the economic realities, meant the same. Further, it employs the promotional tools such as the road services, monitoring services, the monitoring affairs, as well as the drivers training and seminars. According to the findings observed from the entire study, it is evident that the AA should seek for concrete steps in lobbying for the better petroleum prices on the behalf of its member s...

Use of Interpreters in Psychological Therapy with Deaf...

The use of psychological therapy or what is sometimes called â€Å"talk-therapy† has proven to be an effective and worthwhile resource in countless lives in America. For most hearing people, once the decision to seek help is made, it’s a simple matter of showing up to a therapy appointment or walking into a clinic and asking for help. However, for the Deaf culture finding accessible and Deaf-friendly services, can be a challenge producing little results. One way this issue is currently addressed is through the use of interpreters who help facilitate communication between a hearing professional and Deaf person. Therefore, the ideas discussed, reviewed the benefits and challenges of using interpretation when a Deaf person seeks counseling. The†¦show more content†¦Very few psychiatrists, mental health therapists, or psychologists posses enough training and experience with the deaf culture to facilitate an effective counseling relationship with a deaf patient. The refore, sign language interpreters are relied on heavily in the psychological assessment and treatment of the deaf. In the article, Impact of Sign Language Interpreter and Therapist Moods on Deaf Recipient Mood, the authors stated â€Å"professional interpreters are conceptualized and trained to perform as â€Å"impartial† conduits – that is, they should neither add nor subtract from the primary dyadic relationship (Brunson, Lawrence, p. 576). However, in some cases depending on how the interpreter thinks or feels, both the client and therapist can be influenced cognitively or behaviorally during a therapy session. Since communication is critical for the entire therapeutic process, the language barrier with deaf patients is the principal issue. The gap in available services makes it apparent that when problems such as depression, drug abuse, and other psychological issues arise and go untreated the Deaf run the risk of not successfully integrating socially through employment, social activities, or culture. In an extensive study done by Brunson and Lawrence, they evaluated and tested the moods of interpreters as a possibility of being influential to both the therapist and deaf client. Revealed in their results, were those interpreters mood conditions contributed greaterShow MoreRelatedInterpretation in The Deaf Community Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of psychological therapy or what is sometimes referred to as â€Å"talk-therapy† has proven to be effective in helping many people cope with life issues. For most hearing people, once the decision to seek help is made, it is a simpl e matter of showing up to a therapy appointment or walking into a clinic and asking for help. 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Ben Bahan is the narrator and introduces us to Jake Cohan, Laurel Case, Roberto Rivera and Henry Byrne. Ben is a CODA, Child Of Deaf Adults, and like many CODA’s tried to stray from the deaf community be was eventually drawn back to it. He is currently teaching at the only deaf collegeRead MoreHsc Level 5 Unit 534 Essay14626 Words   |  59 PagesCandidate Performance Evidence Record | | NVQ Title and Level: Health and Social Care level 5 Unit 534 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...... Candidate Name: Rafal Gac †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..................... 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Biopsychosocial Model Essay - 1531 Words

This essay will focus on a patient diagnosed with Deliruim.it will adopt the biopsychosocial model to explore how the diagnosis affects the patient’s quality of life. Confidentiality will be maintained throughout this essay to adhere to the Nursing and midwifery council (NMC,2015) code of conduct, which states in section 5 that nurses or midwives owe a duty of confidentiality for all those receiving care. Therefore, patient chosen will not be known by real name but will be given a pseudonym throughout this essay. A holistic approach will be used in this essay to discuss the biological, social and psychological impacts of both health issues. George Engel developed the biopsychosocial model in 1977.(Purdy, 2013) The biopsychosocial model†¦show more content†¦2011). According to records Mr Smith displayed signs of confusion when he was admitted and continues to show signs of it .He was reviewed by Psychiatric In-reach Liaison Service (PRILS) at the ward, it was reported that Mr Smith sees people in the walls of the hospital ward and his home .There are a variety of reasons why a patient may experience Delirium, including the presence of infection within their body (NHS, 2015a). A main symptom of chest infection can be the feeling of confusion or disorientation (NHS, 2016). Over the period of admission Mr Smith was observed to have loss of appetite which can have a direct impact on his glucose levels as he is diabetic and generally impact the rate of recovery from the infection as nutrients such as Protein is needed to maintain the individual’s health (Snooks, 2009). Furthermore, malnutrition can put an elderly patient at higher risk of Pneumonia. Similarly, the patient may not feel like drinking fluids and this can put them at risk of becoming dehydrated, which can lead to fatigue (BMJ, 2016). An intake of sufficient liquids can promote the lungs to keep the secretions thin and easy to cough up. Also, sufficient fluid uptake can prevent constipation (NHS Oxleas, 2017). Mr smith was put on a fluid and diet chart to help encourage and monitor his intake. Communication with Mr Smith was impaired, he was not able toShow MoreRelatedThe Biopsychosocial Model Essay1460 Words   |  6 Pagesinfirmity.†-World Health Definition of Health (1948) [9] In order to understand health, different models or frameworks for thinking have been developed which have been useful. The Biomedical model which evolved since the 19th century from Galen’s (Greek physician 200AD) concept of pathogen, focused on removing the disease/disability and not on prevention or general well-being [9]. 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This essay will critically analyse (PCI) focussing on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes

Essay about Social Issues Presented in Jeannette Walls Memoir, The Glass Castle Essay Example For Students

Essay about Social Issues Presented in Jeannette Walls Memoir, The Glass Castle Essay There are several different social issues presented in Jeannette Wall’s memoir â€Å"The Glass Castle.† These issues included neglect – medical and education, unsanitary living conditions, homelessness, unemployment, alcohol abuse, domestic violence, discrimination, mental health issues, physical and sexual abuse, hunger and poverty. Poverty was one of the major key issues addressed in this memoir. Poverty is referred to as the inability to provide for one basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, medical etc. Walls (2005), stated that at times they would go days without eating and would keep their hunger to themselves, but always thought of ways to get their hands on some food. She further stated that â€Å"At lunchtime, when other kids unwrapped their sandwiches or brought their hot meals, Brian and I would get out a book and read†¦..I told people that I had forgotten my lunch {but} no one believed me, so I started hiding in the bathroom {stall} during lunch hour†¦.When other girls came in and threw away their lunch bags in the garbage pail, I’d retrieved them and return to the stall and polished of my tasty finds † The major thesis addressed by the author, detailed the struggles she faced throughout her childhood with an alcoholic father and a selfish mother who cared more about her art and happiness than that of her children’s. Alcohol misuse can affect all aspects of family functioning: social life, finances, good communication, relationships between family members, parenting capability, employment and health issues , It also has a strong correlation with conflicts, disputes and domestic violence which can leave a damaging effect on children. Alcohol misuse often times change the roles played by family member. .Garbarino (1992), â€Å"Human services encompasses a broad range of activities, programs and agencies designed to meet the physical, intellectual, and social-emotional needs of individuals and families.† . As a Child Protective worker, my responsibilities are to assess safety (immediate),risk (future harm), abuse and maltreatment, make a determination as to whether a child is safe or at risk of future harm and assess the need for services. The child welfare worker assigned to investigate the case failed to ensure the above. Works Cited Downs-Whitelaw, S. , Moore, E., , E. J. (2009). Child welfare and family services: Policies and practice, USA: Parson Education Inc. Garbarino, J. (1992). Children and families in the social environment, New York, NY: Walter De Gruyter Inc. Walls, J. (2005). The glass castle, New York, NY: SCRIBNER.